In recent years, research has emerged that indicates certain heart health risk factors may affect women more than men. Women classified as having poor health face almost five times the risk of heart disease compared to those with ideal health. As women age, it’s important to keep a close eye on these risk factors to protect their overall health and prevent heart disease.
Here’s what to know about the key risk factors that affect women’s heart health.
Hormonal Changes
Women benefit from cardioprotective hormonal effects prior to the menopause transition. “Hormonal changes during menopause reduce these protective benefits, resulting in increased LDL cholesterol, vascular remodeling, and metabolic syndrome,” says Sophia L. Alexis, MD, cardiothoracic surgeon at WMCHealth.
Current research is looking at decreases in a woman’s risk of developing heart disease when certain hormone therapies are started in early menopause.
Lifestyle Factors
Common lifestyle risks to heart health include high stress levels, poor diet, physical inactivity and smoking. “Stress is an insidious factor that many women face due to balancing multiple roles in their personal, family and work lives. Often unhealthy coping mechanisms that can compromise heart health are utilized. Many women suffer in silence while being caregivers for others,” says Dr. Alexis.
Simple changes, such as practicing mindfulness, staying physically active and adopting a heart-healthy diet, can make a significant difference.
Social Determinants of Health
Factors like income, education and access to healthcare are crucial in managing heart health. Many women, especially from marginalized communities, lack health education and resources for healthy living and regular medical check-ups. “Even in food deserts, there are ways to eat healthier, like buying packaged food where the milligrams of sodium is less than the calories per serving.” states Dr. Alexis.
Screenings for heart disease are also rarely gender-specific. “Cardiovascular disease can present differently and manifest in different stages of life in women than in men,” says Dr. Alexis. “So it often goes underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as anxiety, a GI or respiratory issue, or a musculoskeletal problem.” Women are more likely to experience atypical symptoms such as nausea and shortness of breath when having a heart attack.
The Importance of Prevention
“Education can empower women to take charge of their heart health,” says Dr. Alexis. “We need to create a culture where women feel comfortable seeking support and resources for heart health.” Here are some ways that women can keep an eye on their heart health as they get older:
- Stay physically active
- Visit your doctor regularly
- Take your prescribed medications
- Monitor your blood pressure
- Engage in community activities
Creating an environment that supports women’s heart health and effectively manages risks can lead to better outcomes. Make an appointment with a WMCHealth cardiologist by visiting our website.