Medically reviewed by Ama Buskwofie, MD – Gynecologic Oncology & Obstetrics

Cervical cancer is highly preventable, yet too many women delay or skip screening because of misunderstandings about who needs testing and when. These common myths continue to discourage women from getting the care that could save their lives. Here’s what every woman should know. 

Myth 1: “I’m too young to need a Pap test.” 

Fact: Screening begins at age 21, regardless of sexual activity or symptoms. 

Many women believe they don’t need cervical cancer screening until they’re older or sexually active. In reality, national guidelines recommend that all women begin Pap testing at age 21. Even though cervical cancer is rare in young adults, early screening helps identify precancerous changes long before they pose a threat. 

Women ages 21-29 should have a Pap test every three years.  

Myth 2: “I feel fine, so I don’t need screening.” 

Fact: Cervical cancer often causes no symptoms in its early stages. 

One of the biggest misconceptions about cervical health is the belief that you’ll know when something is wrong. Unfortunately, early cervical cancer and precancerous cell changes are usually silent. That’s why routine screenings are essential, even when you feel healthy. 

Waiting for symptoms, such as abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain, gives time for a condition to progress. Screening is designed to catch changes before symptoms develop, when treatment is most effective and least invasive. 

Myth 3: “The HPV vaccine covers everything.” 

Fact: The vaccine offers powerful protection, but not complete coverage. 

The HPV vaccine is one of the most effective cancer-prevention tools available, protecting against the HPV strains responsible for the majority of cervical cancers. But it does not protect against all high-risk HPV types. That’s why vaccinated women still need routine screening. 

Think of the vaccine as a major layer of protection, not a substitute for Pap and HPV tests. Together, vaccination and screening form the strongest defense against cervical cancer. 

Myth 4: “I don’t need screening after menopause.” 

Fact: Screenings continue through age 65 for most women. 

Many women assume that once they stop having periods, cervical cancer screening is no longer necessary. But menopausal status has no direct effect on cervical cancer risk. Women ages 30-65 should continue screening as recommended, unless their provider determines they are eligible to discontinue. 

You may be able to stop screening after age 65 only if you’ve had several consecutive normal results and you have no history of significant cervical abnormalities. Your provider will review your history to determine your safest option. 

Misinformation should never stand between you and lifesaving care. Routine screening and timely vaccination remain the most effective ways to prevent cervical cancer, no matter your age, how you feel or whether you’re vaccinated. If you have questions about when to begin screening or which test is right for you, a WMCHealth women’s health provider is here to guide you.