Medically reviewed by Ama Buskwofie, MD – Gynecologic Oncology & Obstetrics

Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, thanks to modern screening tools, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and greater awareness of early warning signs.  

Still, many women aren’t fully aware of how often they should be screened or which symptoms should prompt a visit with their provider. As guidelines shift and new research emerges, understanding the fundamentals of cervical health in 2026 can help you protect yourself with confidence. 

Updated Screening Guidelines: What’s New 

Screening recommendations continue to evolve as clinicians learn more about HPV and how cervical cells change over time. The goal is simple: detect abnormalities early while avoiding unnecessary procedures. 

• Ages 21-29: Pap test every 3 years. This remains the standard because HPV infections are common and often temporary at these ages, making HPV testing less helpful. 

• Ages 30-65: At these ages, you have several evidence-based choices: 
  • HPV test alone every 5 years (preferred) 
  • Co-testing (HPV and Pap) every 5 years
  • Pap test alone every 3 years

• Ages 65+: You may stop screening if you’ve had consistently normal results and no history of significant abnormalities. 

These testing options provide flexibility while maintaining the effectiveness of screening. Your provider can review your history and help determine which method is right for you. 

HPV Vaccination: Still Important for Adults 

Although the HPV vaccine is often associated with adolescence, its benefits extend far beyond the teen years. The vaccine protects against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV, making it a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention. 

• Up to age 26: Vaccination is strongly recommended, even if you are not sexually active. 

• Ages 27-45: You may still benefit, especially if you haven’t been vaccinated before or have new sexual partners. 

Many adults are surprised to learn they are still eligible. Even if you’ve already been exposed to one HPV strain in the past, the vaccine can still lower your risk by protecting you from additional high-risk strains. 

Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore 

Cervical cancer often develops silently, underscoring the importance of routine screenings. Still, certain symptoms are important to discuss with a clinician, even if they turn out to be minor or unrelated. 

Symptoms to watch for include: 

• Unexpected vaginal bleeding, especially after intercourse, between periods or after menopause 

• Pelvic pain that doesn’t seem connected to your menstrual cycle 

• Pain during intercourse 

• Unusual vaginal discharge, particularly with changes in odor or color 

• Persistent low back or pelvic pressure 

These symptoms often have non-cancerous causes, but early evaluation ensures timely treatment and peace of mind. 

When to See a GYN vs. Your Primary Care Provider 

Many cervical health needs can be met by your primary care provider (PCP), but gynecologists (GYNs) play an essential role when specialized care is needed. 

Start with your PCP when: 

• You need the HPV vaccine or have vaccine questions 

• You’re experiencing mild or new symptoms 

• You want to discuss contraception, sexual health or preventive care 

See a GYN when: 

• You’re due for a routine cervical cancer screening 

• Your Pap or HPV test results are abnormal 

• Symptoms persist beyond 2–4 weeks 

• You have recurrent pelvic pain or bleeding 

• You’ve had a history of abnormal results or cervical procedures 

• You’re pregnant and experiencing cervical-related symptoms 

At WMCHealth, PCPs and GYNs work closely together to ensure seamless referrals and continuity of care, so you’re always supported by the right experts at the right time. 

Cervical cancer is largely preventable, and women today have more tools than ever to stay healthy; from flexible screening options to expanded vaccine access. By maintaining routine care, knowing which symptoms matter and seeking the right provider when questions arise, you can take meaningful steps toward lifelong cervical health. Click here to learn more about women’s health services at WMCHealth.