Medically reviewed by Robert Best, MD, Pediatric Emergency Medicine

Winter in the Hudson Valley offers ideal conditions for skiing, snowboarding, sledding and other cold-weather activities. While these activities can provide great exercise and family enjoyment, they also come with risks. Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), including concussions, are among the most common injuries seen during the winter sports season. Knowing how to prevent them and when to seek care can help keep everyone safer on the slopes.

Why Head Injuries Happen in Winter Sports

Falls and collisions are the leading causes of TBIs in winter sports. Even a low-speed fall can result in a concussion if your head strikes hard snow, ice, trees or equipment. Children and teens are especially vulnerable, but adults of all ages and skill levels can be affected, especially when fatigue, icy conditions or crowded slopes are involved.

The good news: Many TBIs are preventable with the right precautions.

Helmet Safety: Your First Line of Defense

Wearing a helmet is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of serious head injury during winter sports. Helmets are designed to absorb impact and protect the brain during falls or collisions.

To maximize protection:

• Choose a helmet designed for winter sports, not a bike or skate helmet.
• Ensure proper fit. The helmet should sit level on the head, feel snug and not shift when you move.
• Replace your helmet after a significant impact, even if no damage is visible.
• Set a good example. Children are more likely to wear helmets when adults do.

While helmets don’t prevent all concussions, they significantly reduce the risk of severe brain injury.

Choose Your Sledding Hill Wisely

TBIs aren’t exclusive to skiing and snowboarding on large mountains. Injuries can happen even on small, local sledding hills. When choosing a location for your winter activities, make sure there are no parked cars, trees or obstacles in the way, and that there is no street with active traffic at the bottom of the hill. Even better, choose a slope with a straightaway that levels off to facilitate safe deceleration.

Recognizing the Signs of a Concussion

Concussion symptoms aren’t always obvious right away and may develop hours after an injury. Knowing what to look for can help ensure timely care.

Common concussion signs include:

• Headache or pressure in the head
• Dizziness or balance problems
• Nausea or vomiting
• Sensitivity to light or noise
• Confusion, slowed thinking or memory trouble
• Fatigue or drowsiness
• Mood changes, such as irritability or sadness

If you experience symptoms of a concussion, stop the activity immediately and avoid returning to the slopes or sports that day. Physical and mental rest is essential during the first 24 to 48 hours, so limit screen time, strenuous activity and tasks that require intense concentration. Monitor symptoms closely, as some may worsen or appear hours after the injury.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Loss of consciousness
• Repeated vomiting
• Severe or worsening headache
• Slurred speech
• Unequal pupil size
• Seizures
• Increasing confusion or unusual behavior

Even mild symptoms should be evaluated if they persist or interfere with daily activities. Early assessment and proper guidance can help prevent complications and support a safer, more complete recovery.

What Parents Need to Know

Children and teens may not always report symptoms, especially if they’re eager to get back on the slopes or stay in a game. Parents should watch closely after any head impact, even if the injury seems minor.

Important tips for parents:

• When in doubt, sit them out. Continuing activity after a head injury increases the risk of more serious complications.
• Monitor symptoms for 24–48 hours, as signs can appear later.
• Avoid a quick return to sports or schoolwork until cleared by a healthcare professional.
• Follow medical guidance carefully, including rest and gradual return to activity.

Early evaluation helps protect a child’s developing brain and supports a safer recovery.

Enjoy Winter Safely

Winter sports are meant to be fun, energizing and memorable. By wearing helmets, recognizing concussion symptoms and knowing when to seek care, families can reduce risks while enjoying the season. If an injury occurs, WMCHealth is here to provide expert care so you can focus on recovery and safely get back to what you love. Learn more about Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at WMCHealth.